Here, we outline: (i) challenges of evaluating food composition (ii) state-of-the-art omics technology and innovations for the analysis of food and (iii) application of foodomics as a complementary data-driven approach to revolutionize nutrition and sustainable diets. "Foodomics"-the application of omics-technology to characterize and quantify biomolecules to improve wellbeing-has the potential to comprehensively elucidate what is in food, how this composition varies across the food system, and how diet composition as an ensemble of foods guides outcomes for nutrition, health, and sustainability. Defining food composition in its full chemical and quantitative diversity is central to data-driven decision making for supporting nutrition and sustainable diets. Globally, we are failing to meet numerous nutritional, health, and environmental targets linked to food. 15 Verso Biosciences, Inc., Davis, CA, United States.14 Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand.13 Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States.12 National Institute of Nutrition and Medical Sciences, Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico.11 MLP Vision Biotech SL, Majadahonda, Spain.10 National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India.9 Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana. 8 The Institute of Applied Sciences, The University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji.7 International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Cali, Colombia.6 Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.5 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.4 Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States.
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